Coding Through Stories

Betsy Monke • October 29, 2025

Thanks to the generosity of IDEA’s Mini Grant, our K-4 STEM classroom at Farmingdale Elementary in Pleasant Plains, IL added six new Sphero Indi robots to our collection of robots. They have quickly become the students’ favorite.

Idea Funded

My goal was to explore a new way to support literacy and increase reading scores by introducing robots during reading lessons at our elementary school. Our students visit our STEM classroom each week and have many opportunities to build, create, and code. There is always high engagement when robots are used. I wanted to see if I could extend this same enthusiasm to reading and explore how our robots could assist with reading comprehension and storytelling. I knew that our students love our school robots, and I wanted to extend that excitement into reading.

I chose this idea because I wanted to bring hands-on learning to literacy and give students a new way to connect with stories. Coding and reading actually have a lot in common for elementary students. Both require understanding sequence and cause and effect. Stories have a beginning, middle, and end, and an algorithm has a set order of steps that must make sense. When students build a story path for their robot, they’re practicing the same thinking they use when retelling a story. 


By combining robotics and storytelling, students were forced to think deeply about the story and reflect on what they read. They sequenced events, retold key details, and demonstrated comprehension in a fun, hands-on way.

Implementation

I introduced our new Sphero Indi robots during whole-group STEM lessons with our 1st-4th-grade students. Each Indi uses color tiles to control its movement. The technology-free approach to coding made it perfect for introducing sequencing, loops, and problem solving. We spent three lessons learning about the robot, practicing creating algorithms, and designing programs with Indi.

After students were familiar with how the robot worked, we put our robots aside and read a grade-level-appropriate story. We focused on key details and the story sequence. Students were then asked to summarize the story and plan a story path using the robots. Students used our MakerSpace materials to engineer creative pieces.


We then designed algorithmic paths to represent parts of the story. Students programmed their robots to move through the beginning, middle, and end of the story. The students loved dressing up the robots to match the theme and turning our robotic mats into story scenes.


In small groups, the students used the robots to retell the events. As they tested their code, I noticed students needed to reference the story in order to check for details. The students were able to monitor their own comprehension and saw the need to read closely. They quickly learned the need to get the sequence correct because their robot depended on it.


Student Reach

This project reached every student in grades 1st-4th. Every child has had the opportunity to explore how coding can be used to support literacy.

What Surprised Me

I was surprised by how easily students connected literacy and coding. They immediately saw how the story sequencing and coding fit together. Because the robot became the character, students were forced to think about story structure in a new, concrete way. I knew that robots would increase engagement, but what amazed me was the depth of comprehension the students achieved. They were visualizing and problem-solving all at the same time.


Like most teachers, my biggest challenge is always time. When lessons include a robot, engagement is high and students don’t want to stop. 


In addition to a lack of time, managing all the materials with so many classes takes planning. Over the years, I have been able to create a system to organize the chaos in my classroom. Seeing the student engagement and enthusiasm always makes it worth the effort.


Reflection

If I could do this again, I would plan additional time for students to collaborate, reflect, and review each other’s work. I only managed to record a few of their stories this time. The kids learned so much from watching one another test and debug their code. Next time, I plan to record all of the stories and celebrate our success with a video watch day.


I would also like to take this project a step further and have the older students write their own original stories for younger students to code and act out.

Student Impact

The response has been great. Student engagement was high, even with hesitant readers. One of my favorite moments was when a student realized her robot got “lost” because she had skipped a part of the story. I saw the panic in her face, and she ran back to the book, reread the page, and fixed both her story and her code. It’s rewarding to see reading, problem-solving, and perseverance all come together.


The integration of robotics and reading was so successful that I have extended the project to include all robots in our classroom. We have many different robots to choose from, and students are able to choose a grade level appropriate robot to work with.

Next Steps

This project has opened the door for new ways to combine STEM and literacy at our school. I plan to continue using the Indi Robots throughout the year during reading groups and to feature them at our Spring Specials Showcase, where families can experience our story coding projects in action. I have also integrated additional robots that we already had in our classroom like Dash, Dot, Blue-Bot, and Bolt. The students are able to choose the robot they believe will best help them tell their story.


In the future, I hope to collaborate with classroom teachers to design reading and coding units that align with the stories students are already studying.


I am grateful for IDEA’s mini-grant program. Because of their generosity, our Farmingdale students are not just reading stories. They are living them, coding them, and creating them in ways that bring learning and reading to life.


I’m Betsy Monke, the K–4 STEM teacher at Farmingdale Elementary School, Pleasant Plains School District. This is my fifth year teaching STEM after many years in the kindergarten and first grade classroom. I love creating hands-on lessons that let students explore, experiment, and discover through play. A fun fact about my classroom. I removed all desks and replaced them with plenty of cardboard, duct tape, and imagination.

RECENT ARTICLES

By Emily Vertino October 22, 2025
ChatGPT, a form of generative Artificial Intelligence, more commonly referred to as AI, popularized amongst students my freshman year of high school. My at-the-time English teacher was the first to notice that all of a sudden, freshmen—who had never taken a high school-level English course—wrote as advanced as a college professor. He pointed out that students who showed high school-level hand-written papers were able to properly use an em dash and focused on parallel structuring solely on their online assignments, a feat he had not seen in freshmen before. It became natural for teachers—from freshmen classes to senior classes—to connect that students using emdashes or specific words—delve, deep understanding, crucial, elevate, resonate, enhance, tapestry, foster, endeavor, enlighten—had used AI in their paper. After a few months of teachers reporting that students began scoring exceptionally well on papers, my school implemented an application called TurnItIn, ironically, another generative AI that reviewed paper and scanned for “proof” of AI generated text. The issue started once TurnItIn accused students who properly incorporated a citation into an essay plagiarized the text, ignoring all credit given to the original author and the research done by the student. Needless to say, we switched back to teachers reading papers and discussing with the students themselves if there was suspicion of AI incorporation and my school made a policy about “AI Academic Dishonesty”. Even amongst my peers in the classes with the highest rigor, there are countless kids who incorporate AI into their school work. Be it through having ChatGPT solve their calculus problem or Chemistry problem, AI is widely incorporated, which causes a noticeable shift in their critical thinking capabilities. Rather than spending thirty minutes struggling through a derivative problem on their own, they immediately refer to having ChatGPT solve it and copy the answer down, depriving them of critical understanding of the problem and the method used to solve it. General conversation is shifting too—my hallways are full of students misusing words or bragging about how ChatGPT landed them an A in a specific class. This isn’t to say I’m against AI—because I truly believe proper use of AI can be more beneficial than harmful—but as it is now, generative AI devices are damaging the development of my peer’s brains and there are dozens studies showing that generative AI, specifically Elon Musk’s Grok, is ruining the ecosystem of Memphis. I also find that the use of the resources around me has gradually decreased. When I was a freshman, my school used a center court to hold a resource center for all subjects—on top of every teacher having office hours for an additional 30 minutes after every day—and it quickly became a hot spot for students. I write fanfiction during my free time so I was actively inside the court, having English teachers proofread my work and discussing my ideas for the next scenes. I also went in to simply talk to teachers, but that’s beside the point. Each day I was in our resource court, it was filled with students coming in for support—be it math, English, science, history, or a language—and truly working on bettering their understanding of the subject. However, now, as a senior, we only have a math resource center (MRC) that operates full-time and a science resource center that operates during the first 40 minutes of a class. My school no longer has an English resource center for students that need help and for those who do, even office hours are a 50/50. As mentioned before, teachers stay for 30 minutes after school—with the exception of teachers who supervise clubs or sports—which is far too short for English teachers that have dozens of students coming in for English support. A select number of teachers introduced an appointment scheduling simply because of how busy their office hours are, while other teachers have students who only come in the day before a summative. The teachers I know became teachers because of their love for helping students, yet my peers are dismissing all help from their teachers in favor of ChatGPT, who isn’t even correct 100% of the time. This phenomenon occurs with reading, too. I’m an avid reader—most of my favorite novels have multiple volumes with hundreds of chapters (my all-time favorite has 1,400 chapters for the first book alone; the second book has another thousand), and a growing issue I’ve noticed as AI grows is that my peers use AI to summarize documents. For example, Connected Papers has been recommended to me by my closest friends and once I googled it, I found that it uses AI to web-browse for articles similar to a paper currently being read and labels key points that correlate to your current article. AI is useful; essentially, AI isn’t inherently harmful and there are proper uses for it, but the misuse of AI continuously outweighs the benefits. In the above instance, having a resource capable of easily accumulating sources in a similar field of interest shaves off time spent scouring online and leaves that time for additional revisions, which is beneficial, but the most common use of AI is completion, not assistance, when it should be the opposite.
By Member Engagement Committee September 10, 2025
IDEA has launched a pilot Slack community to provide its members with a space to create consistent and meaningful connections with like-minded peers.
By Steph Sukow August 13, 2025
Dive into what AI can do for you and your students by exploring some low-risk, high-reward ways to begin utilizing these tools with this blog from Steph Sukow.